Water Distribution

Water distribution piping for domestic use serves both hot and cold water needs in residential, commercial, and industrial applications. This type of piping is used for distributing potable water for everyday use within a building, such as drinking, washing, and other common purposes.

Materials: copper, PEX (cross-linked polyethylene), and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride). In residential settings, copper piping is commonly used in mechanical rooms, while PEX is favored for other areas. In light commercial applications, copper piping is typically preferred.

Pipe Joining: Copper pipes are typically connected using either soldering or ProPress fittings. While soldering creates a stronger joint connection, ProPress fittings are often preferred for their ease of installation and repeatability, despite being more expensive. These fittings utilize a mechanical press to join copper pipes, with an EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) O-ring embedded within each fitting to ensure a tight seal. In cleanroom and hospital applications, soldering may be prohibited due to flux off-gassing concerns, making ProPress fittings a more suitable alternative for these sensitive environments.

Wastewater

Wastewater piping and management are essential for efficient sewage and blackwater disposal, playing a critical role in maintaining a hygienic and safe environment. As a vital component of the drain-waste-vent (DWV) system, wastewater pipes ensure the proper removal of waste, contributing to overall sanitation and facility health. Effective wastewater management involves the design, installation, and maintenance of these piping systems, which help protect public health and the environment by safely transporting wastewater to treatment facilities or disposal sites.

Materials: PVC, ABS, or cast iron. ABS is often preferred due to its affordability and durability. Cast iron, is often used in light commercial due to its strength; however, it’s more expensive and susceptible to corrosion.

Pipe Slope: The minimum slope for pipes with internal diameters of 2-½ to 4 inches is 1/4 inch per foot (2% slope). For pipes with internal diameters of 6 to 15 inches, the minimum slope is 1/8 inch per foot (1% slope).

Stormwater

Stormwater piping management is vital for controlling stormwater runoff, reducing flood risks, and minimizing erosion. Properly designed and installed stormwater systems channel excess water away from structures and surfaces, protecting property, infrastructure, and the environment from potential damage caused by heavy rainfall or storm events.

Materials: Permeable concrete allows water to flow through, reducing runoff and promoting groundwater recharge. Another choice is corrugated metal, which provides durability and high strength, making it suitable for larger-scale applications. Lastly, high-density polyethylene offers a lightweight, corrosion-resistant material that is easy to install and provides flexibility.

Options: bioswales, channels, detention basins, green roofs, hydrodynamic separators, living walls, rain gardens, stormwater harvesting, swales, and other techniques.

Fire Protection

Fire protection piping is a critical component of both wet and dry sprinkler systems, which play a crucial role in addressing fire emergencies. These systems distribute water or other fire suppression agents throughout a building, helping to control and extinguish fires, thus minimizing damage and protecting lives.

Materials: Wet sprinkler systems typically consist of steel or copper pipes, sprinkler heads, and water supply connections.

Dry sprinkler systems include similar components but require an air compressor to maintain the pressurized air within the pipes.

Wet Sprinklers: These systems remain constantly filled with water, ensuring immediate response in case of a fire incident.

Dry Sprinklers: Charged with pressurized air or nitrogen, these systems prevent water flow until activation. Upon activation, the air pressure drops, opening a valve, and allowing water to flow into the pipes and out of the activated sprinkler head. Dry systems are typically used in areas where freezing temperatures are a concern, such as unheated spaces.

Fuel Gas

Fuel gas piping is responsible for transporting combustible gases, such as natural gas and propane, within a building. To ensure the safe and efficient operation of fuel gas systems, routine maintenance, and inspection are crucial for maintaining system integrity and addressing potential issues, such as leaks or corrosion. Additionally, adequate ventilation and proper clearances are essential for minimizing fire risks and guaranteeing a secure environment.

Materials: Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloys are often used for piping systems due to their durability, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand various environmental conditions. These materials ensure a long-lasting and reliable piping system.

Pipe Joining: Soldering or brazing is commonly preferred for fuel gas piping. ProPress fittings are typically not recommended or approved for use in this context, as fuel gas piping requires secure and reliable connections to prevent leaks and ensure safety.